Purchase Agreement

Purchase Price in a Contract: When Is It Enough to Define the Method of Determination

Print You are drafting a sales contract and wondering whether you need to state the exact amount of the purchase price. What if the price is not known yet? Can you write “price according to an expert opinion,” “price according to the seller’s price list valid at the time of delivery,” or “market price”? And […]

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Documents for Goods and Transport – When Must the Seller Provide Them and Where

Print You order goods, the parcel arrives, but the necessary documents are missing. Without them, you cannot take delivery, use the goods, or resell them. Or the other way around – as a seller, your customer complains that you didn’t provide a transport note or a certificate. These “minor formalities” can quickly turn into major

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Packaging and Wrapping During Transport – Who Is Liable for Damage?

Print Imagine this: you are waiting for a delivery – a new phone, fragile porcelain, or expensive machinery. The parcel arrives, but the item inside is damaged. Disappointment, anger, and the question: Who pays for this? The seller? The carrier? Or you as the buyer? The answer is not always the same – it depends

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Buyer’s Obligations: When to Pay, When to Take Delivery, and How to Handle Default

Print In a purchase agreement, the buyer has two core duties: pay the price and take delivery. Simple on paper, but practice hinges on details: when you may withhold payment, what to do if you haven’t had a chance to inspect, and the consequences of delay in taking delivery (including storage costs and the seller’s

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Warranty of Quality: When It Arises and What It Means for the Buyer

Print You buy a new laptop and see “3-year warranty” printed on the box. Or a manufacturer promises in an ad that their machine will last ten years. What’s the difference between these assurances and your statutory rights against defects? The warranty of quality gives buyers extra protection – but it is often confused with

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Rights from Defective Performance: When the Buyer Has a Claim and What They Can Demand

Print Imagine buying a new car and discovering a hidden engine fault after a week. Or purchasing an apartment only to find damp walls. What now? Do you have the right to demand repair, a discount, or even withdraw from the contract? Rights from defective performance are one of the most common sources of disputes

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Quantity Tolerance in a Purchase Agreement: When Is ±5% Still Acceptable?

Print You order 1,000 bricks but receive only 950. Or perhaps 1,050. Is this a breach of contract, or is it still acceptable? The Civil Code provides that if the quantity is specified only approximately, a deviation of up to 5% is allowed. This rule can be crucial in construction, manufacturing, or bulk supply contracts.

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Quality, Workmanship and Packaging: What the Seller Must Deliver

Print You order new machinery, but it arrives in poorer workmanship than promised. Or you receive goods without proper packaging, and they’re damaged during transport. Can the buyer refuse delivery? Yes – the law clearly defines what quality, workmanship and packaging the seller must ensure. This article is part of the Main Purchase Agreement Hub,

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Seller’s Performance Deadline: When Does It Start Running?

Print You sign a purchase agreement, but the seller doesn’t specify the exact delivery date. When does the deadline for delivery actually begin? And what if you, as the buyer, must first fulfill a certain obligation? This seemingly small detail can have major consequences – from contractual penalties to the right to withdraw from the

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Delivery of Goods to the Carrier: When the Seller’s Obligation Is Fulfilled

Print Imagine ordering machinery from abroad and the seller hands it over to a carrier. When exactly has the seller fulfilled their obligation to deliver? And who bears the risk if the machine is damaged in transit? The Civil Code has a clear answer – and it can make or break a million-crown contract. This

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