1. It starts with a lawsuit

A debt lawsuit begins when the creditor (a company, bank, ex-partner, etc.) files a claim with the court, stating the reason, the amount owed, and supporting documents. As the debtor, you will receive either a payment order or a summons to a court hearing.

2. Payment order – the most common form

If the creditor provides basic documents, the court may first issue a payment order – a quick decision without a hearing. If you don’t respond within 15 days of receiving it, the order becomes final and enforceable (meaning enforcement proceedings, like execution, may begin). Timely response is essential.

3. Your defense – objection or written statement

If you disagree with the claim, you can file an objection (within 15 days) against the payment order, or respond to the lawsuit. You may challenge the debt, argue it’s time-barred, dispute the amount, or claim the contract is invalid. You must also provide evidence. If done properly, the court will schedule a hearing.

4. The court hearing

The court may summon you for an oral hearing. You’ll be able to present your side of the story, respond to the creditor’s arguments, and submit evidence or witnesses. Your input truly matters – your arguments may determine the outcome.

5. The judgment and consequences

The court will issue a judgment – either ordering you to pay or rejecting the claim. If you lose, you can appeal. But once the judgment becomes final, the creditor may request enforcement.

⚠️ Risks of not responding

• Enforcement/execution: A final payment order or judgment may lead directly to enforcement actions.

• Loss of defense: Many debtors lose their right to challenge simply because they fail to respond.

• Interest and costs: Every day increases the total debt – interest, court costs, legal fees, enforcement fees.

📌 Lawyer’s recommendation

The biggest mistake? Staying silent. If you receive any document from the court, act immediately. Even if you’re unsure whether you can defend yourself, seek legal advice. Responding in time can be the difference between avoiding enforcement and ending up with frozen accounts. I’ve had many clients come to me too late – don’t be one of them.