What you’ll learn in this article:

– The difference between a court decision and a writ of execution
– When it’s too late to challenge the debt itself
– What you can still object to after enforcement starts
– How to defend against specific actions taken by the bailiff
– Why you must act quickly and precisely

⚖️ Enforcement title = debt confirmed by court

Every enforcement must be based on an enforcement title – typically a court decision, such as a judgment or payment order that has become final.
If you:

• received the decision and didn’t appeal,

• didn’t object to the payment order,

• or missed your chance to respond,

then unfortunately, the debt itself is already legally confirmed and cannot be challenged anymore.

📄 Writ of execution = action by the bailiff

Once the bailiff holds a valid enforcement title, they can issue a writ of execution – for example, to seize funds from your bank account, sell your property, or deduct from your salary.
This writ is not a court ruling, but rather an enforcement step. And it can be challenged, especially if:

• it targets the wrong person,

• it’s disproportionate,

• or it violates the law (e.g. protected income or exempt property).

⚠️ Most common mistake: mixing up titles and writs

People often confuse court decisions with enforcement actions and try to “appeal the enforcement.”
But in enforcement proceedings, there is no such thing as an appeal against the writ.

➡️ The correct legal remedies include:

• a motion to stop enforcement (§ 268 Czech Civil Procedure Code),

• objections to specific acts,

• or a third-party exclusion action, if the seized property belongs to someone else.

💬 Lawyer’s recommendation

Many clients come to me only after their wages have been garnished or property seized. But often all it takes is a quick check of what kind of document they actually received – and fast action.
If you’ve received a court judgment, act immediately.
If it’s a writ of execution, verify what it targets – and we’ll defend against the specific steps.